Arriving in a Foreign Country — Customs & Q Flag
Hoist the Q flag, proceed to a port of entry, declare stores, and clear customs and immigration before anyone goes ashore.
Q FLAG · PORT OF ENTRY · DECLARE ALL · NO ONE ASHORE
When entering a foreign country, hoist the yellow Q flag, proceed directly to a designated port of entry, and keep all crew on board until customs and immigration formally clear the vessel. No one may go ashore and no visitors may board until clearance is granted.
The yellow Q flag flies at the starboard spreader requesting free pratique. The courtesy flag of the host nation flies at the port spreader. Keep Q flying until customs formally clears the vessel.
Before You Arrive
Research Entry Requirements
Check the destination country's official customs, immigration, and quarantine (CIQ) requirements well before departure. Requirements vary by flag state, vessel type, and crew nationality.
Prepare Documents
Gather vessel registration, flag registry, crew passports, crew list, last port clearance (zarpe / clearance-out), and any required prior-arrival permissions (e.g. advance notice of arrival).
Submit Advance Notice
Many countries require advance notice of arrival (e.g. 24–96 hours). Submit via the required system (e.g. eAPIS, C2C, NAB) before departure or during the voyage.
Brief the Crew
Brief crew on arrival procedures, prohibited/restricted items, and that no one may leave the vessel until customs and immigration clearance is granted.
Prepare for Inspection
Have all stores, provisions, fuel, and equipment logs ready for declaration. Locate and make accessible the ship's official papers, insurance, and any weapons / firearms declarations.
Plan Berth or Anchorage
Confirm where you will clear in — a designated port of entry, official marina, or quarantine anchorage. Do not stop at any other location before clearing.
Arrival & Clearance Procedure
Hoist the Q Flag
As you approach territorial waters (typically 12 nm), hoist the yellow "Q" (Quebec) flag at the starboard spreader or bow. It signals "my vessel is healthy and I request free pratique." If anyone is ill, also hoist the appropriate medical signal.
Hoist the Courtesy Flag
Hoist the national courtesy flag of the host country at the port spreader (or masthead, per local custom). This shows respect for the host nation. The Q flag goes below or alongside it.
Proceed to Port of Entry
Head directly to the designated port of entry or quarantine anchorage. Do not stop, anchor, or divert en route. Do not pass close to other vessels or the shore unnecessarily.
Contact Harbour / Port Control
Call the port or harbour authority on VHF to advise arrival, vessel name, flag, and request clearance instructions. Follow their directions to a berth, dock, or quarantine anchorage.
Anchor or Berth
Anchor in the designated quarantine area or proceed to the assigned berth. Keep the Q flag flying until formally cleared. No one may go ashore and no visitors may board.
Wait for Officials
Wait for customs, immigration, and quarantine / biosecurity officers to board. In some ports you must go ashore to their office first — confirm which applies before moving anyone.
Have Documents Ready
Present vessel registration, crew passports, last port clearance, crew list, stores declaration, and any required arrival forms (filled in advance). Be courteous and cooperative.
Declare All Goods
Declare stores, provisions, alcohol, tobacco, fuel, cash above limits, and any restricted items (e.g. fresh food, plants, animal products, weapons, medications). Honesty avoids fines and seizure.
Surrender Restricted Items
If officials require quarantine items (fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, honey, seeds) to be surrendered or sealed, comply immediately. Some countries seal stores until departure.
Obtain Clearance
Once all formalities are complete, you will be issued a Customs / Immigration clearance (temporary importation, cruising permit, or similar). Pay any fees, duties, or bonds required.
Lower the Q Flag
Only after formal clearance is granted, lower the Q flag. Keep the courtesy flag flying for the duration of your stay in that country's waters.
Restrictions While Cruising
You may be restricted to specific ports or regions. Some permits are time-limited. Check rules on moving between ports, exporting the boat, or extending the cruising permit.
Flag Etiquette
What to Declare
Customs & Immigration by Country
Country-specific Q-flag, visa, port-of-entry, and quarantine rules. Curated for popular cruising destinations — search for any other country.
🇳🇿New Zealand 🇳🇿▾
Advance Notice
Advance notice via Advance Passenger Processing (APP) / National Arrival Border (NAB) system. Notify Customs and MPI at least 24–96 hours before arrival.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist the yellow Q flag on arrival; keep flying until MPI (Ministry for Primary Industries) biosecurity and Customs clearance is granted. No one ashore until cleared.
Visa Requirements
Most nationalities need a NZeTA (NZ Electronic Travel Authority) or visa. Visa-free nationals still require an NZeTA before travel. Check your nationality on the Immigration NZ website.
Ports of Entry
Official ports of entry for yachts include Opua, Whangarei (Marsden Point), Auckland, Tauranga, Napier, Wellington, Lyttelton, Dunedin, and Picton. Clearance only at designated ports.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Very strict biosecurity. Declare ALL food, plant, and animal products. Fresh fruit, vegetables, meat, honey, seeds, and used outdoor equipment (dive gear, boots) are high-risk. MPI may inspect, seize, or treat items. Hull fouling and hull cleaning rules apply.
Fees & Permits
No customs clearance fee for most recreational yachts; MPI inspection charges may apply. Port and marina fees vary by location.
🇦🇺Australia 🇦🇺▾
Advance Notice
Submit an Advance Arrival Report via the Australian Border Force (ABF) online portal at least 96 hours (4 days) before arrival. Also notify via the Maritime Arrivals Reporting System (MARS).
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist the Q flag; keep flying until Australian Border Force (ABF) and biosecurity officers clear the vessel. Crew must remain on board until granted pratique.
Visa Requirements
All crew need a valid visa. Most nationalities use ETA (Electronic Travel Authority) or eVisitor. Some require a Visitor visa (subclass 600). Apply before departure.
Ports of Entry
First landing must be at a designated first port of entry (e.g. Brisbane, Sydney, Cairns, Darwin, Fremantle, Gold Coast, Bundaberg). Yachts must clear at an approved port before proceeding elsewhere.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Extremely strict biosecurity (DAFF / Department of Agriculture). Declare all food, plant, animal, and wooden items. Fresh produce, meat, honey, seeds, and soil are prohibited or restricted. Hull fouling risk assessment applies; heavily fouled vessels may be denied entry or required to clean.
Fees & Permits
No charge for customs clearance; biosecurity inspection fees may apply. Coast Guard and port dues vary.
🇫🇯Fiji 🇫🇯▾
Advance Notice
Notify Fiji Revenue & Customs Service (FRCS) and Biosecurity Authority of Fiji (BAF) at least 24 hours before arrival via VHF or email to the port of entry.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag; maintain until Customs and Biosecurity clearance. Crew stay on board until pratique granted.
Visa Requirements
Visa-free for most nationalities for up to 4 months (recreational). Passports valid 6+ months. Onward/return ticket required.
Ports of Entry
Designated ports of entry: Suva, Lautoka, Savusavu, Levuka, Denarau. Yachts must clear at one of these before cruising elsewhere.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Declare fresh food, meat, honey, plants, and animal products. BAF may inspect and seize restricted items. Fresh provisions often surrendered or sealed.
Fees & Permits
Cruising permit fee, bond, and various clearance fees apply. Checkout clearance required before departure.
🇻🇺Vanuatu 🇻🇺▾
Advance Notice
Email or radio Customs (Vanuatu Customs and Inland Revenue) at least 24 hours before arrival. Provide ETA, crew list, and last port.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on entering territorial waters; keep flying until Customs and Biosecurity officers clear the vessel.
Visa Requirements
Visa-free for most nationalities for up to 30 days (extendable). Passports valid 6+ months. Onward ticket required.
Ports of Entry
Ports of entry: Port Vila, Luganville (Santo), Lenakel. Yachts must clear at one of these before cruising other islands.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Declare fresh food, meat, honey, and plants. Biosecurity may inspect and restrict. Some islands have additional local entry permits.
Fees & Permits
Customs clearance fee, cruising permit, and conservation/environment fees apply. Departure fee may apply.
🇳🇨New Caledonia 🇳🇨▾
Advance Notice
Notify Customs (Douane) via the local port authority or email at least 24 hours before arrival. French regulations apply.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on arrival; keep flying until Customs grants clearance. Maintain until pratique.
Visa Requirements
French Overseas Territory — Schengen/short-stay visa rules apply. Visa-free for many nationalities for up to 90 days. EU nationals free. Some non-EU nationals need a visa issued by France.
Ports of Entry
Ports of entry: Nouméa (Port Moselle / Port du Sud), Koumac, Hienghène. Must clear at an official port of entry first.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
French/EU biosecurity rules. Declare fresh food, animal products, and plants. Fresh provisions may be surrendered. Strict on weapons and medications.
Fees & Permits
Port dues, customs clearance, and cruising permit fees apply. Some fees for the Southern Lagoon protected area.
🇵🇫French Polynesia 🇵🇫▾
Advance Notice
Notify French Polynesian Customs (Douanes) and Gendarmerie Maritime at least 24 hours before arrival. Provide crew list, vessel, and last port details.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on arrival in territorial waters; keep flying until Customs grants clearance.
Visa Requirements
French Overseas Collectivity — short-stay visa-free for many nationalities (up to 90 days). EU nationals free. Non-EU nationals subject to Schengen visa rules; some require a visa issued by France in advance.
Ports of Entry
Ports of entry: Papeete (Tahiti), Raiatea, Bora Bora, Nuku Hiva (Marquesas), Rikitea (Gambier). Must clear at a designated port of entry first.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
French/EU biosecurity. Declare fresh food, animal products, plants, and honey. Fresh provisions may be surrendered. Strict on firearms and medications.
Fees & Permits
Cruising permit (autorisation de séjour) for up to 3 years. Port and quarantine fees vary by island.
🇺🇸United States 🇺🇸▾
Advance Notice
File an Advance Notice of Arrival via the CBP (Customs and Border Protection) system. Yachts arriving from foreign must notify CBP at least 96 hours (4 days) before arrival via the CBP ROAM app or local port.
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on arrival; keep flying until CBP grants clearance. All crew remain aboard until boarded or cleared by CBP.
Visa Requirements
Visa required for many nationalities. B1/B2 visitor visa or ESTA (Visa Waiver Program) for eligible nationalities. All crew must have valid entry documents; crew on pleasure vessels may use a B1 visa with crew letter.
Ports of Entry
Designated CBP ports of entry only (e.g. San Diego, Los Angeles, Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Honolulu, Seattle, Annapolis). Must clear at an approved port of entry; cannot anchor elsewhere first.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Declare all food, plant, and animal products. USDA and CBP enforce strict agricultural rules. Fresh produce, meat, and some packaged foods may be restricted. No alcohol/tobacco limits issues but must declare.
Fees & Permits
CBP user fee and cruising license (if applicable) may apply. Some ports charge for inspection. State-specific taxes and use tax may apply.
🏝️Caribbean (general) 🏝️▾
Advance Notice
Most Caribbean nations require advance notice (12–24 hours) via VHF or email to the port of entry. Use SailClear (online pre-arrival) for many nations (e.g. Antigua, Grenada, St Lucia, St Vincent, Dominica).
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on arrival; keep flying until Customs and Immigration clearance. Crew remain aboard until cleared.
Visa Requirements
Varies widely. Many islands visa-free for up to 30–90 days. Some require e-visas or visas on arrival. Onward ticket and proof of funds often required. Each island nation has separate rules.
Ports of Entry
Each nation has designated ports of entry (e.g. Antigua: Jolly Harbour, Nelson's Dockyard, St John's; Grenada: Prickly Bay, St George's; St Lucia: Rodney Bay, Castries; St Vincent: Blue Lagoon, Kingstown; Dominica: Roseau, Portsmouth).
Quarantine & Biosecurity
Varies. Declare fresh food and animal products. Many islands restrict fresh produce, meat, and plants. Some require a health declaration. Biosecurity less strict than NZ/AUS but still enforced.
Fees & Permits
Clearance fees, cruising permits, and departure fees vary widely per nation. Some charge per person or per foot of vessel length.
🌊Mediterranean (general) 🌊▾
Advance Notice
Most Mediterranean nations require advance notice via local port authority or email. EU nations use the EU Arrival/Departure declaration system; some require pre-arrival forms (e.g. France, Italy, Spain).
Q Flag & Pratique
Hoist Q flag on arrival; keep flying until Customs grants clearance. Some EU nations do not require Q for arrivals from another EU port.
Visa Requirements
Schengen Area (most of EU) — 90 days visa-free in any 180-day period for eligible nationalities. Non-Schengen (e.g. Turkey, Croatia, Montenegro, Greece outside Schengen) have separate visa rules. EU nationals free.
Ports of Entry
Each nation has designated ports of entry. In Schengen, no formal border control between Schengen ports but Customs still applies. Non-Schengen nations (Turkey, Croatia, Montenegro, Albania) require full clearance at a designated port of entry.
Quarantine & Biosecurity
EU biosecurity rules for EU nations. Declare fresh food, animal products, and plants. Non-EU nations may have stricter rules. Medications and firearms tightly controlled.
Fees & Permits
EU cruising taxes and light dues vary by nation. Non-EU nations (Turkey, Croatia, Montenegro) charge cruising permit, vignette, or vignette fees. VAT (IVA) may apply on vessels imported to EU.